What is the primary function of the axon in a neuron?

The primary function of the axon in a neuron is to conduct electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body and transmit messages to other neurons, muscles, or glands. Axons are long, slender projections that facilitate communication throughout the nervous system. When an electrical signal, known as an action potential, travels down the axon, it can trigger the release of neurotransmitters at the axon terminals. These neurotransmitters then cross synapses to influence the activity of other neurons or target tissues.

This specialized role of the axon is crucial for the functioning of the nervous system, allowing for rapid communication and coordination of activities across different body systems. The length and myelination of axons also enhance the speed at which signals are transmitted, demonstrating their importance in maintaining efficient neural communication.