What term describes a state of tension produced by an unmet need, such as hunger or thirst?

The term that describes a state of tension produced by an unmet need, such as hunger or thirst, is drive. In psychology, a drive is understood as an internal condition that motivates individuals to take action in order to fulfill a basic biological need. For instance, when a person feels hungry or thirsty, they experience a drive that compels them to seek out food or water. This drive arises from homeostatic imbalances and prompts behaviors focused on restoring balance, such as eating or drinking.

In contrast, the other terms refer to different concepts. Incentive relates to external factors that can motivate behavior, such as rewards or positive outcomes. Motivation is a broader term that encompasses both internal drives and external incentives, representing the overall process that initiates, directs, and sustains goal-oriented behaviors. Behavior refers to the actions taken in response to these drives and motivations. Thus, the concept of drive specifically captures the internal tension experienced due to unmet biological needs.