What type of mood disorder is characterized by mood swings from extreme elation to severe depression?

The disorder characterized by mood swings from extreme elation to severe depression is Bipolar Disorder. This condition involves episodes that range from manic (or hypomanic) states, where an individual may feel euphoric, invincible, or excessively energetic, to depressive states, where they may experience profound sadness, hopelessness, or a lack of energy.

These alternating mood states are a defining feature of Bipolar Disorder, making it distinct from other mood disorders. For instance, Major Depression involves persistent low mood without the manic episodes that characterize Bipolar Disorder. Schizophrenia primarily affects a person’s thoughts and perceptions, leading to symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations, but does not involve prominent mood swings. Somatic Symptom Disorder revolves around having physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition, focusing more on anxiety and worry about one’s health rather than mood fluctuations. Thus, the correct identification of Bipolar Disorder aligns with the specific nature of mood changes experienced by individuals diagnosed with it.