Which statement best describes a theory in psychology?

A theory in psychology is best described as a broad formulation that explains a range of phenomena. Theories serve as frameworks for understanding complex behaviors and mental processes, integrating various observations and research findings into a cohesive explanation. They allow psychologists to make sense of vast amounts of data and observations across different situations, forming the basis for generating hypotheses that can be tested through further research.

In contrast to specific predictions that focus on particular scenarios, a comprehensive theory encompasses a wider array of situations and can adapt to new findings. This broad applicability is crucial in psychological research, where diverse human behaviors and cognitive processes can be influenced by a multitude of factors. Furthermore, theories in psychology can guide further studies and help in interpreting the outcomes of experiments or surveys, providing a deeper insight into human behavior.

Other options such as a precise prediction, a method of data collection, or a process for conducting experiments do not capture the essence of what a theory represents in psychology. They refer to specific elements of research or methodology rather than the overarching principles that provide structure to the field.